How to build a scientific talent training mode in

How to build a scientific talent training mode in Colleges and universities since the reform and opening up, China's printing industry has been comprehensively revitalized with social and economic development and scientific and technological progress, and has begun to enter the ranks of the world's major printing and packaging countries. In 2004, the total output value of the printing industry reached 280billion yuan, accounting for about 2% of China's GDP. It is predicted that from 2006 to 2010, its total output value will increase at an average rate of 8% per year. By 2010, it is expected to reach 440billion yuan. The printing industry pattern with the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Rim Economic Zone as the printing regional center has gradually taken shape. However, judging from the current talent situation of more than 92000 printing enterprises with 3.5 million employees across the country, high-tech talents are quite scarce. To this end, the General Administration of publishing of the people's Republic of China has set the training objectives of printing talents for the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" as "three hundred" and "two thousand": hundreds of printing engineers, hundreds of senior printing plate makers, hundreds of senior printing machine operators; Thousands of senior printing collars and thousands of CD-ROM replication senior talents with optical electromechanical integration knowledge. In the face of opportunities and challenges, how to build a scientific talent training model has become an urgent and important topic for colleges and universities, which is worth exploring

training mode and target positioning of higher printing talents at home and abroad

1 Domestic status quo

although the pace of higher printing engineering talent training in China has been relatively fast in recent years, discipline categories have gradually become complete, the scale of enrollment has expanded rapidly, and the direction and channels of students' employment are closer to social needs, there are generally some characteristics of students' basic theoretical knowledge is not solid enough, practical ability is not strong, comprehensive quality is not high, innovation ability is insufficient, and adaptability is poor. From the perspective of training mode, it mainly has the following three characteristics: first, the educational concept is also rooted in the old planned economic system, which regards students as a single educational "product", and students' dominant position is not implemented, emphasizing the cultivation of commonness, ignoring the development of personality, emphasizing the cultivation of plasticity, and ignoring the effective stimulation of initiative. Second, in the course structure, emphasis is placed on majors, light cross cutting, heavy technology, light management, heavy knowledge, light ability, which affects the improvement of students' comprehensive ability. Third, the training methods and means are too single, and the channels are too narrow, which makes students unable to adapt to the complex socio-economic and technological environment

2. Foreign mode

the government of the United States

provides equal opportunities for national education while implementing school education, and solves the worries of enterprises about talents. The government pays great attention to vocational education and takes the lead in implementing a vocational training institution system supported by public welfare legal persons headed by enterprise consortia in the printing industry

Britain

build a talent training network through the qualification certification system. The British Printing Industry Federation (BPIF) is the designated professional qualification certification body in the printing field in the UK. A large number of professionals trained by the Federation and approved by the Ministry of labor have become the backbone of the British printing industry

Germany

within printing enterprises, new employees should, in principle, learn through a three-year internship period, that is, skilled workers as masters, apprentices as apprentices, and teach skills through the mode of masters with apprentices, commonly known as the "apprenticeship system". Those who have passed the examination and passed the examination after the probation period are promoted to technicians; After working and accumulating some experience, and then passing the examination, the qualified person will be promoted to skilled worker, and at the same time, he will have the qualification of apprenticeship and art transmission

French law stipulates that enterprises must provide conditions for schools to cultivate talents and fulfill their social obligations. The way is for the government to levy probation tax and lifelong education tax on enterprises, so as to ensure the smooth implementation of vocational education

3. The target orientation of higher printing engineering talent training

the printing engineering major is composed of printing chromatics, graphic information processing and reproduction, computer science and technology, information and communication, material science, engineering control and other disciplines, which is a highly comprehensive discipline. The talent training goal of printing engineering major is to cultivate compound high-quality talents who can meet the needs of the development of market economy, have a solid theoretical foundation, a wide range of knowledge, strong practical ability and innovation ability, and integrate printing, packaging, art and computer engineering. Through learning, students can not only master the basic theories of graphic information processing, printing process and principle, printing materials and adaptability, computer network technology and other basic theories, master certain operating skills, but also preliminarily have the ability to engage in the research and development of new processes, new technologies and new materials, so that the cultivation of talents can change from simple application-oriented to adaptive

current situation and shortcomings of higher printing talent training

1 The understanding of printing higher education is not deep enough

in today's developed countries, the printing industry and its higher education, as an important measure of the level of modernization, play a decisive role in the industry of the whole country. However, in our country, no matter in business circles, industry associations, or education circles, there is a general lack of attention to printing higher education. The fundamental reason is that we have not really promoted the strengthening of printing higher education and the training of high-level talents to the strategic height of ensuring the sustainable, rapid and healthy development of the industry

2. The system of printing higher education is not complete

although China's printing higher education has basically formed the school running levels of technical secondary school, College (Higher Vocational), undergraduate and above education, with both higher education, secondary vocational education and various forms of adult education, the overall development is still relatively lagging behind, and an education system that meets the development needs of the printing industry has not been formed. The basic conditions of the printing engineering major set up in the existing colleges and universities are still relatively weak, which is difficult to meet the practical needs of enterprises for applied and innovative talents

3. Printing higher education teachers are not ideal

high level talent training is inseparable from high-quality teachers. The lack of high-quality teachers is a practical problem faced by the cultivation of higher printing talents. On the one hand, young teachers who have just engaged in the teaching of printing engineering need a long time to investigate the actual development of the printing industry, improve their teaching ability and practical level, and meet the needs of customers in a timely manner. In other words, it takes time and money for schools to cultivate "double qualified" printing teachers. And even after training, it is difficult for schools to retain these excellent teachers due to treatment or other reasons. On the other hand, with the rapid development of high and new technology in order to adopt appropriate resins (such as PA, PP, ABS and PEEK) to infiltrate it, printing technology continues to push through the old and bring forth the new, and some old teachers' knowledge and professional level are aging, so they also need to have a process of re understanding and re practice. All these have brought difficulties to cultivate high-quality printing engineering talents

4. The integration of resources in printing higher education is not enough

according to the current situation of printing engineering majors in existing colleges and universities, colleges and universities are still relatively closed in the specific school running, and the integration of teaching staff, curriculum, talent training methods and means has not been well implemented, and the sharing of resources has not been formed, let alone the cooperation and research between colleges and universities from the perspective of discipline construction. To a certain extent, it also restricts the development of printing higher education in China

5. The construction and development of engineering majors cannot be separated from the support and support of enterprises. Although there are many printing enterprises all over the country, due to various reasons, the cooperation between universities and enterprises is not close enough. In particular, colleges and universities are not in place to carry out talent training, scientific research and social services for local enterprises. Local enterprises are not in place to provide teaching practice and practice bases for colleges and universities, and to provide front-line scientific research projects in combination with actual production, making the "combination of industry, University and research" a mere formality

some thoughts on the cultivation of higher printing talents in the new century

1 The development of application-oriented undergraduate and higher vocational education

printing engineering is of strong theoretical and practical significance. Its talent training specifications should be market-oriented and employment oriented. In the training process, highlight the characteristics of "high" and "post". On the one hand, on the basis of modern science and technology, cultural and management knowledge and their disciplines, we should focus on the implementation of applied undergraduate and higher vocational education, so that students can master skilled and high intelligence applied technology, have a certain adaptability to future vocational and technical changes, and thus distinguish it from secondary vocational education. On the other hand, up to now, various types of experimental machine products are widely used in some industrial manufacturing departments such as chemical industry, petroleum, building materials, machinery, shipbuilding, transportation, etc. at the same time, they will also appear in laboratories of some universities and scientific research institutions, emphasizing that professional knowledge and discipline foundation should pay attention to comprehensiveness, focusing on the actual needs of front-line vocational posts in production, management and service, and highlighting vocational skills, It is different from undergraduate education in Colleges and universities. In other words, graduates should be positioned on applied white-collar and senior blue collar. Only by actively adapting to the actual needs of the economy and society can they meet the "call" of enterprises for high-quality and highly skilled printing talents

2. Building a talent training mode of school enterprise cooperation, the printing engineering major is highly applied and technical. In order to truly cultivate professionals needed by society and enterprises, we can only let learning steel structure architecture attract the attention of all parties. The earliest concept of green building was born in real and complex production practice, and trained in the process of communication and learning with enterprise employees. One of the effective ways is to build a talent training mode of school enterprise cooperation with the strong advocacy and support of the government

the common needs of both schools and enterprises are the source of power for establishing industry university cooperation. From the perspective of colleges and universities, strengthening the cooperation between colleges and universities and enterprises can effectively understand the needs of social economy and the development of enterprises, make full use of various resources of enterprises, enhance the vitality of running a school, improve students' practical ability and improve the quality of education through work study education, so as to cultivate "marketable" professionals. From the perspective of enterprises, enterprises' participation in talent training in Colleges and universities can realize the docking with school educational resources, and continuously obtain the inexhaustible support of technical talents needed for the survival and development of enterprises. Through cooperative training between factories and schools, we should strive to realize the strategic goal of transferring students from simply receiving theoretical knowledge to practical ability training for employment

3. The establishment of higher vocational skill appraisal system

printing engineering specialty is practical and targeted. In order to enable graduates to adapt to jobs as soon as possible and become a new type of labor resource, it is very important to carry out vocational and technical training and skill identification in Colleges and universities, especially in Applied Undergraduate Colleges and higher vocational colleges. This is not only a change in the concept of talent training, but also can effectively promote the reform of education and teaching. Although the relevant vocational and technical appraisal of printing posts has been carried out in secondary vocational schools and some higher vocational colleges, many graduates also have a "skill certificate" certificate issued by the Ministry of labor while obtaining academic certificates. However, the recognition of these skill certificates by society and industry is not high, which cannot meet the original intention of relevant departments to carry out skill appraisal. Therefore, colleges and universities should implement the scientific concept of development and improve their understanding of the importance of vocational skill appraisal,